All Parties, taking into account their common but differentiated
responsibilities and their specific national and regional development
priorities, objectives and circumstances, without introducing any new
commitments for Parties not included in Annex I, but reaffirming existing
commitments in Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention, and continuing to
advance the implementation of these commitments in order to achieve sustainable
development, taking into account Article 4, paragraphs 3, 5 and 7, of the
Convention, shall:
(a) Formulate, where relevant and to the extent possible, cost-effective
national, and where appropriate regional programmes to improve the quality of
local emission factors, activity data and/or models which reflect the
socio-economic conditions of each Party for the preparation and periodic
updating of national inventories of anthropogenic emissions by sources and
removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal
Protocol, using comparable methodologies to be agreed upon by the Conference of
the Parties, and consistent with the guidelines for national communications
adopted by the Conference of the Parties;
(b) Formulate, implement, publish and regularly update national and, where appropriate, regional programmes containing measures to mitigate climate change and measures to facilitate adequate adaptation to climate change:
(i) Such programmes would, inter alia, concern the energy, transport and industry sectors as well as agriculture, forestry and waste management. Furthermore, adaptation technologies and methods for improving spatial
planning would improve adaptation to climate change; and
(ii) Parties included in Annex I shall submit information on action under this Protocol, including national programmes, according to the guidelines laid down in Article 8; and other Parties shall seek to include in their national communications, as appropriate, information on programmes which contain measures that the Party believes contribute to addressing climate change and its adverse impacts, including the abatement of increase in greenhouse gas emissions, and enhancement of and removals by sinks, capacity building and adaptation measures.
(c) Cooperate in the promotion of effective modalities for the development,
application and diffusion of, and take all practicable steps to promote,
facilitate and finance, as appropriate, the transfer of, or access to,
environmentally sound technologies, know-how, practices and processes pertinent
to climate change, in particular to developing countries, including the
formulation of policies and programmes for the effective transfer of
environmentally sound technologies that are publicly owned or in the public
domain and the creation of an enabling environment for the private sector, to
promote and enhance access to, and transfer of, environmentally sound
technologies;
(d) Cooperate in scientific and technical research and promote the
maintenance and the development of systematic observation systems and
development of data archives to reduce uncertainties related to the climate
system, the adverse impacts of climate change and the economic and social
consequences of various response strategies, and promote the development and
strengthening of endogenous capacities and capabilities to participate in
international and intergovernmental efforts, programmes and networks on
research and systematic observation, taking into account Article 5 of the
Convention;
(e) Cooperate in and promote at the international level, and, where
appropriate, using existing bodies, the development and implementation of
education and training programmes, including the strengthening of national
capacity building, in particular human and institutional capacities and the
exchange or secondment of personnel to train experts in this field, in
particular for developing countries, and facilitate at the national level
public awareness and public access to information on climate change. Suitable
modalities should be developed to implement these activities through the
relevant bodies of the Convention taking into account Article 6 of the
Convention;
(f) Include in their national communications information on programmes and
activities undertaken pursuant to this Article in accordance with relevant
decisions of the Conference of the Parties; and
(g) Give full consideration, in implementing the commitments in this Article, to Article 4, paragraph 8, of the Convention.