HUMAN COST OF WORLD BANK INVESTMENT EXPOSED: GREENPEACE CALLS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION AND CLEAN PRODUCTION

19 October 2000

INDIA/AMSTERDAM -- Greenpeace condemned the World Bank and other international agencies (1) today for pushing developing countries to the brink of environmental disaster by investing in polluting industries and Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) in regions whose environmental standards are weak or non existent.

This morning, over 60 Greenpeace activists from 15 countries occupied the pumping station of a CETP that discharges toxic waste from the Vapi Industrial Estate into the Damanganga River, part of the industrial 'Golden Corridor' in the Western Indian state of Gujarat. (2) Another four activists chained themselves to the valves controlling the discharge of the poisonous waste water.

The activists were joined by more than 100 people from communities living in the 'Golden Corridor', a 170 km stretch of land that houses 17 major industrial estates. Their health and livelihoods have been affected by environmental contamination from polluting industries in the region.

"The environmental degradation and neglect in this area is appalling. Every day you can see children of migrant workers and nomads living and playing on the hundreds of illegal toxic waste dumps that dot the landscape. The groundwater is severely contaminated and the streams and rivers run foamy red," said Greenpeace toxic campaigner, Nityanand Jayaraman.

The CETP on the Vapi Industrial Estate was promoted by the Gujarat Government and the World Bank as a solution to Gujarat's industrial pollution problem. "This effluent treatment plant is a farce. It spews out disgusting water into our river and we believe that the poisons in the waste water are the reason behind our declining fish stocks and health problems," said Devjibhai Tandel, an ex-member of the Indian parliament who lives in a fishing community downstream of the CETP. "We're tired of the Government ignoring our protests that we're being poisoned; that our livelihoods are being destroyed. Investors should first repair the damage done by their past mistakes, rather than add to the problem," he added.

Rather than clean up after its past mistakes, Gujarat has launched an ambitious and ill considered programme to attract about $12 billion in the chemical sector alone. A matching amount is also being sought from agencies, such as the World Bank and Asian Development Bank, to expand the supporting infrastructure sector including superhighways, ports and power projects. The World Bank president, James Wolfensohn, is scheduled to visit the Gujarat Chief Minister, Mr. Keshubai Patel, in mid-November to finalise a loan package for infrastructure development in the state.

A Greenpeace scientific study conducted in 1999 (3) found that the treated waste water from the Vapi CETP was discharging dangerous quantities of poisons, including toxic metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium, copper and even mercury and highly poisonous hexachlorobenzene (HCB). Further tests on the treated wastewater and sediments undertaken this month confirmed that the CETP continues to discharge dangerous levels of poisonous heavy metals, including mercury, into the Damanganga River.

Greenpeace is urging international lending agencies, including the World Bank, to stop all further investments in polluting industries and related infrastructure projects in Gujarat and to invest in the development of clean technologies, remediation and compensation to local communities instead.

"Gujarat is an industrial catastrophe and unplanned investments in polluting industries and related infrastructure is the cause. End-of-pipe interventions such as Common Effluent Treatment Plants actually hinder any attempts to move towards Clean Production," said Jayaraman. "It is ironic that agencies like the World Bank are promoting CETPs rather than cleaning up the mess left behind by their past investments in similar technologies," he added.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACT:

- Shailendra Yashwant, Media Coordinator, Greenpeace India on Mobile +91 98 201 82304
- Nityanand Jayaraman, Greenpeace toxics campaigner on Mobile +91 98 201 94022
- Matilda Bradshaw, Media Officer, Greenpeace International on +31 20 524 9545

Photos of today's action and of people living amongst the visible environmental contamination in the Gujarat region, India, are available from the Greenpeace International picture desk +31 20 524 9580 on request.

Visit www.greenpeace.org/~toxics

(1) Over the last decade, the World Bank has invested in promoting end-of-pipe interventions, such as Common Effluent Treatment Plants, through its project lending for industrial pollution control and even Clean Production. End-of-pipe interventions are in fact a barrier to moving industries towards clean and environmentally sustainable ways of production. The Vapi CETP was set up with a soft-loan component from Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI) drawn from World Bank funds earmarked for such projects.

World Bank's funding of polluting technologies include loans under the following project heads:

a) Industrial Pollution Control, 1991. Funded by IBRD $124 million/IDA $31.6 million

b) Industrial Pollution Prevention, 1994. $250 million source: India's Environment - Taking stock of plans, programs and priorities. January 1996. South Asia Regional Office. World Bank.

(2) Last year, Greenpeace declared South Gujarat's industrial corridor a Global Toxic Hotspot. Greenpeace's scientific investigations of 1999 confirmed that industrial pollution has poisoned the groundwater, rivers and lands of South Gujarat with a complex cocktail of life-threatening poisons.

The Greenpeace report is available on www.greenpeace.org/~toxics/toxfreeasia/gujaratrpt.pdf

(3) In October 2000, Greenpeace collected and analysed samples of the Vapi CETP's treated wastewater and sediment from where the wastewater falls. The treated wastewater had a COD of 1120 ppm, Nil dissolved oxygen, 170.3 ppb of Chromium and 58.8 ppb of Copper. The sediment contained: Cadmium (2.63 ppm); Chromium (7.45 ppm); Copper (127.48 ppm); Lead (34.06 ppm); and mercury (1.13 ppm).

The Greenpeace activists are from 15 countries including: India (Kaiwan Yezdani, Vilip Bhaskaran, Samir Nadareph), Philippines (Francis de la Cruz), Thailand (Tara Buakamsri, Pat Sumarlan), China (Clement Lam), Britain (Stan Vincent, Richard Carlson).